心脏病治疗

Treatment for people diagnosed with 心脏病 可能很复杂. 我们希望关于心脏病治疗的这一节将帮助您与您的医疗团队讨论您的治疗计划.

Be sure to voice any questions or concerns you may have.

Common 心脏病 types and treatments

The type of 心脏病 (also called myocardial infarction, or MI) you had determines the treatments that your medical team will recommend. 当一个或多个心脏(冠状动脉)堵塞，减少或停止流向心脏的血液时，心脏病发作, which starves part of the heart muscle of oxygen.

The blockage might be complete or partial:

• 冠状动脉完全阻塞意味着你遭受了“STEMI”心脏病发作或st段抬高心肌梗死.
• A partial blockage is an “NSTEMI” 心脏病 or a non-ST-elevation MI.

STEMI型和非STEMI型心脏病发作的治疗方法不同，尽管可能有一些重叠.

医院使用技术来恢复在心脏病发作时受损的心脏肌肉部分的血液流动:

• You might receive clot-dissolving drugs (thrombolysis), 气囊血管成形术, surgery or a combination of treatments.
• However, not all hospitals in the U.S. 有能力使用经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI), a mechanical means of treating 心脏病. 

At a hospital able to perform PCI, 你可能会被送到一个专门从事心导管插入术的地方, 有时被称为“导管室”.“有, 诊断性血管造影可以检查你的心脏的血流量，并显示你的心脏的泵送情况. Depending on the results of that procedure, you may be routed to one of three treatments: medical therapy only, PCI or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

不具备PCI设备的医院可能会把你转到具备PCI设备的医院. 或者你的医疗团队可能会决定使用药物来分解血块并恢复血液流动. 你可能会接受血管造影——一种用来观察动脉内部的成像技术, 静脉和心腔. This may be followed by surgery to restore the blood circulation in your heart.

If the health care team determines you had an NSTEMI 心脏病, they typically use one of two treatment strategies. Both may involve a procedure called 心导管检查 to examine the inside of your heart:

• 缺血引导策略使用血液稀释剂来阻止血栓形成.
• 早期的侵入性策略是从使用血液稀释剂来阻止血栓形成开始的, but might also proceed to a medical therapy, a PCI with stenting or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), followed by certain types of post-hospital care.

Your health care team can explain the approach to your 心脏病 treatment. They can answer any specific questions you might have.

Common medical procedures following a 心脏病

You’ll find many common medical procedures for 心脏病 listed here. For more detailed explanations of these treatments, see our page devoted to 心脏手术.

• 血管成形术: 特殊的管子连着放气的气球，用螺纹连接冠状动脉. 气球膨胀，扩大阻塞区域，血液流向心脏肌肉已经减少或切断.
• 激光血管成形术: 与血管成形术相似，除了导管有一个激光尖端，可以打开阻塞的动脉.
• 心脏瓣膜手术: Repairs an abnormal or diseased heart valve or replaces it with a healthy one.
• Atherectomy: 与血管成形术相似，除了导管的尖端有一个特殊的工具可以从动脉上切掉斑块.
• 搭桥手术: 通过在血栓周围创造新的通道来治疗阻塞的心脏动脉，这样血液就可以流向你的心脏肌肉.
• Minimally invasive heart surgery: An alternative to standard bypass surgery using small incisions.
• 支架手术: 支架是在血管成形术中放置的金属丝网管，用于保持动脉畅通并恢复血液流动.
• Transmyocardial revascularization (TMR): 激光被用来从心脏外部钻一系列的洞，进入心脏的泵腔.

In addition to the above treatments, you might hear about 植入式医疗器械 being used to treat certain conditions that increase risk of 心脏病s.

药物的种类

Heart attack treatment involves a variety of drugs. The following list provides an overview of the common types. 你还可以了解 心脏药物 更详细地说.

你的医疗团队会根据你的情况推荐最好的药物组合.

• 抗凝剂: 有时被称为血液稀释剂, 这些药物使血栓更难形成，也能防止现有的血栓变大.
• 抗血小板剂: 通过防止血小板粘在一起来防止血栓形成.
• Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor: 放松血管，使其扩张，同时通过降低血管紧张素II的水平来减少阻力. 使血液更容易流动，使心脏的工作更容易或更有效.
• 血管紧张素受体阻滞剂; 这些药物抑制血管紧张素II对心脏和血管的影响. This keeps blood pressure from rising.
• Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor: Neprilysin是一种酶，它可以分解体内打开狭窄动脉的天然物质. 通过抑制neprilysin，这些天然物质可以发挥其正常作用. That improves artery opening and blood flow, reduces sodium (salt) retention and decreases strain on the heart.
• β-受体阻滞药: Makes the heart beat slower and with less force, which lowers blood pressure.
• 联合阻断剂: 联合受体阻滞剂可作为静脉滴注用于高血压危重症患者. 如果病人有心力衰竭的风险，他们可能会被开处方用于门诊高血压治疗.
• 钙通道阻滞剂: 阻断钙进入心脏和血管细胞的运动. May decrease the heart’s pumping strength and relax the blood vessels.
• 降胆固醇药物: Various medications can lower blood cholesterol levels, but statins are the best first course of action. 当他汀类药物不起作用时, or if a person has serious side effects from statin therapy, 可能会推荐其他药物.
• 血管舒张药: 放松血管，增加心脏的血液和氧气供应，同时减少心脏的工作量. 可作为药丸吞服，咀嚼片剂和局部应用(乳霜)。.

双重抗血小板治疗(DAPT)

Some people who have 心脏病s, that have stents placed in their coronary arteries, 或接受冠状动脉搭桥手术(CABG)的患者同时接受两种抗血小板药物治疗以防止血液凝固. This is called dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT).

One antiplatelet agent is aspirin. Many people with coronary artery disease, including those who have had a 心脏病, stent or CABG are treated with aspirin for the rest of their lives. A second type of antiplatelet agent, called a P2Y₁₂ 抑制剂，通常在阿司匹林治疗之外开几个月或几年的处方.

药物的类型和治疗的持续沙巴足球体育平台将根据你的病情和其他风险因素而有所不同. 应与您的医疗保健专业人员讨论DAPT的风险和益处.

If you had a 心脏病 and a coronary artery stent placed, or you are being treated with medical therapy (no stent, 血栓清除术或手术)除了阿司匹林，你应该和你的医疗保健专业人员谈谈服用P2Y₁₂ 抑制剂6-12个月. In some cases, it may be advisable to be on DAPT longer. 

You may be prescribed one of the following: clopidogrel, ticlopidine, 普拉格雷, 替格瑞洛或康格瑞洛. 医生会根据你患血栓和出血的风险，给你开最适合你的药. 选择何种类型的药物和治疗的持续沙巴足球体育平台将与您的医疗保健专业人员讨论确定.