什么是心血管疾病?
Cardiovascular disease can refer to a number of conditions:
心脏病
心脏血管疾病，也叫 心脏病, includes numerous problems, many of which are related to 动脉粥样硬化.
Atherosclerosis is a condition that develops when a substance called plaque builds up in the walls of the arteries. This buildup narrows the arteries, making it harder for blood to flow through. 如果形成血块，就会阻碍血液流动. 这会导致心脏病发作或中风.
心脏病
A 心脏病 occurs when the blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked by a blood clot. 如果这个血块完全阻断了血液流动, the part of the heart muscle supplied by that artery begins to die.
Most people survive their first 心脏病 和 return to their normal lives, 享受更多的丰收岁月. But having a 心脏病 does mean that you need to make some changes.
的 药物 和 生活方式的改变 that your health care professional recommends may vary according to how badly your heart was damaged, 和 to what degree of 心脏病 caused the 心脏病.
了解更多关于 心脏病.
中风
An 缺血性中风, 哪一种中风是最常见的, occurs when a blood vessel that feeds the brain gets blocked, 通常来自于血凝块.
When the blood supply to a part of the brain is cut off, some brain cells will begin to die. This can result in the loss of functions controlled by that part of the brain, 比如走路或说话.
A 出血性中风 当大脑中的血管破裂时发生. 这通常是由不受控制引起的 高血压.
Some effects of 中风 are permanent if too many brain cells die after being starved of oxygen. 这些细胞永远不会被替换.
的 good news is that sometimes brain cells don’t die during 中风 — instead, 损害是暂时的. Over time, as injured cells repair themselves, previously impaired function improves. 在其他情况下, undamaged brain cells nearby may take over for the areas of the brain that were injured.
Either way, strength may return, speech may get better 和 memory may improve. This recovery process is what 中风 rehabilitation is all about.
了解更多关于 中风.
心脏衰竭
心脏衰竭, 有时被称为充血性心力衰竭, means the heart isn’t pumping blood as well as it should. 心脏衰竭 does not mean that the heart stops beating — that’s a common misperception. Instead, the heart keeps working, but the body’s need for blood 和 oxygen isn’t being met.
如果不及时治疗，心力衰竭会恶化. 如果你爱的人有心力衰竭, it’s very important to follow their health care professional’s treatment plan.
了解更多关于 心脏衰竭.
心律失常
心律失常 指心律失常. 心律失常有多种类型. 的 heart can beat too slow, too fast or irregularly.
心动过缓, or a heart rate that’s too slow, is when the heart rate is less than 60 beats per minute. 心动过速, or a heart rate that’s too fast, refers to a heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute.
心律失常会影响你的心脏的工作. 心跳不规律, your heart may not be able to pump enough blood to meet your body’s needs.
了解更多关于 心律失常.
心脏瓣膜问题
When heart valves don’t open enough to allow the blood to flow through as it should, 这种情况叫做 狭窄 结果. When the heart valves don’t close properly 和 thus allow blood to leak through, it’s called 返流. If the valve leaflets bulge or 脱垂 back into the upper chamber, it’s 这种情况叫做 脱垂. 了解更多有关 心脏瓣膜在健康循环中的作用.
了解更多关于 心脏瓣膜病.
常见的治疗方法
Here are some common treatments for different types of cardiovascular disease:
心脏瓣膜问题
心律失常
心脏病
中风
- 药物
- 颈动脉内膜切除术(PDF)(链接在新窗口中打开)
- 血栓切除术
- 动脉瘤剪裁
- 线圈栓塞
- 输血
- 生活方式的改变
Diagnostic tests, surgical procedures 和 药物
In the hospital 和 during the first few weeks at home, your health care professional may perform several tests 和 procedures. 的se tests help them determine what caused the 中风 or 心脏病, 和 how much damage was done. Some tests monitor your progress to see if the treatment is working.
了解更多关于 诊断测试和程序.
了解更多关于 surgical procedures that may have been performed at the hospital.
心脏药物
的 药物 prescribed after a cardiovascular event can aid in recovery 和 help prevent another 心脏病 or 中风.
If you’re a caregiver, make sure your loved one takes their 药物 as directed 和 on time. 了解你所爱的人正在服用的药物. Know what those medicines do, 和 what their goal is.
It’s important to follow your health care professional’s directions closely, 所以问问题并做笔记.
It’s important to follow your doctor’s directions closely, 所以问问题并做笔记. 了解更多关于 心脏药物.
