More clues to the genetics behind an inherited cholesterol disorder

By American Heart Association News

SCIENCEPRO/Science Photo Library, Getty Images
(SCIENCEPRO/Science Photo Library, Getty Images)

高胆固醇是心脏病的一个危险因素,但并不是所有形式的心脏病都一样. 一种被称为家族性高胆固醇血症的未被诊断出的遗传病会在幼年时导致危险的高胆固醇水平.

虽然科学家已经确定FH是由影响身体清除低密度脂蛋白能力的基因突变引起的, or "bad" cholesterol, 他们还没有确定近三分之一的FH患者的所有基因.

But that may be beginning to change.

本周,科学家们在波士顿举行的美国心脏协会血管发现会议上介绍了初步研究,为FH的遗传根源提供了更多线索. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute researchers screened 19,114个基因,并确定transgelin (TAGLN)为感兴趣的基因之一. 先前的研究发现该基因可能与低密度脂蛋白代谢有关.

当TAGLN在细胞中被禁用时,LDL内化减少了27%. Researchers also noticed that when the gene wasn't functioning, the cell turned on compensatory machinery.

“细胞试图制造更多的胆固醇,因为胆固醇对细胞的生存至关重要," said Diego Lucero, the study's lead author and a postdoctoral fellow at Dr. Alan Remaley在NHLBI的实验室,NHLBI是国家卫生研究院的一部分. 此外,其他细胞增加了恢复LDL内化的其他基因的表达. “了解这一点很重要,因为它可能会影响疾病临床表现的程度."

患有FH的人从小就长期暴露在高水平的低密度脂蛋白中, 他们患早发性心脏病的风险是普通人群的20倍, according to the FH Foundation. Over time, 这种情况会导致动脉粥样硬化——斑块的积聚和动脉壁的狭窄. As a result, 与一般人群相比,FH患者的心脏病症状可能早出现几十年.

The condition affects approximately 1 in 250 U.S. adults. Yet, it remains largely underdiagnosed and undertreated.

“只有不到10%的FH患者被确诊, which leads to a lot of premature morbidity and mortality," said Dr. Samuel Gidding, chief medical officer for the FH Foundation. 携带变异基因的人有50%的机会将其遗传给他们的孩子.

Yet, the challenge is diagnosing FH. 卫生保健提供者可能不了解一般高胆固醇和FH之间的区别,也可能不筛查高危人群, Gidding said.

FH可以通过简单的血液检查和报告的心血管疾病家族史来诊断. 医生检查成人的低密度脂蛋白水平为190以上,儿童为160以上, 以及男性在60岁之前和女性在50岁之前患心脏病的几率. Genetic testing can confirm the diagnosis.

吉丁说,一旦确定,就有有效的方法来治疗这种情况. Early treatment with medications, as well as maintaining a heart-healthy lifestyle, can lower the risk of premature heart attacks and strokes.

这项新的研究和进一步确定与FH发展有关的新基因的工作可能导致更好的诊断和治疗, Gidding said. “任何时候,像这样的个体基因都可以帮助解释脂质水平的变化, it could be a drug target."

If you have questions or comments about this story, please email [email protected].

American Heart Association News Stories

美国心脏协会沙巴足球体育平台报道心脏病、中风和相关健康问题. 并非美国心脏协会沙巴足球体育平台报道中表达的所有观点都反映了美国心脏协会的官方立场. Statements, conclusions, 发表在美国心脏协会科学期刊上或在美国心脏协会科学会议上的研究的准确性和可靠性完全是研究作者的观点,并不一定反映美国心脏协会的官方指导, policies or positions.

Copyright is owned or held by the American Heart Association, Inc., and all rights are reserved. Permission is granted, at no cost and without need for further request, for individuals, media outlets, and non-commercial education and awareness efforts to link to, quote, 摘自或转载这些故事在任何媒体,只要没有改变文本和适当的归属作出美国心脏协会沙巴足球体育平台.

Other uses, including educational products or services sold for profit, 必须遵守美国心脏协会的版权许可指南. See full terms of use. 这些故事不得用于推广或认可商业产品或服务.

卫生保健免责声明:本网站及其服务不构成医疗建议的实践, diagnosis or treatment. 一定要向你的医疗保健提供者咨询诊断和治疗, including your specific medical needs. If you have or suspect that you have a medical problem or condition, please contact a qualified health care professional immediately. 如果你在美国,正在经历医疗紧急情况, call 911 or call for emergency medical help immediately.